Question

How can you identify a buffer in chemistry?

Answer 1

Hint: A solution whose \[pH\] is not altered to any great extent by the addition of small quantities of either an acid \[\left( {{H}^{+}}ions \right)\] or a base \[\left( O{{H}^{-}}ions \right)\] is called buffer solution. It is able to neutralize small amounts of added acid or base, thus maintaining the \[pH\] of the solution relatively stable.

Complete step by step answer:
Buffer solutions are also defined as solutions of reverse acidity or alkalinity which resists change of \[pH\] upon the addition of a small amount of acid or alkali.
Buffer has a definite \[pH\], \[i.e,\,pH\] does not change on standing for long.
\[pH\] does not change on dilution.
\[pH\] can slightly change by the addition of a small quantity of an acid or a base.
Buffer solution can be obtained.
i. by mixing a weak acid with its salt with a strong base, e.q- \[C{{H}_{3}}COOH+C{{H}_{3}}COONa\] (Acidic buffer)
ii. by mixing a weak base with its salt with a strong acid e.q- \[N{{H}_{4}}OH+N{{H}_{4}}C\ell \] (Basic buffer)
A buffer is able to resist \[pH\] change because the two components conjugate acid and conjugate base are both present in appreciable amounts and are able to neutralize small amounts of other acids and bases.

Note: Buffers are used to determine the \[pH\] with the help of indicators, They are also used in industrial processes such a manufacture of paper, dyes, inks, paints, dregs, etc. Also used in preservation of various types of foods and fruits.
Buffers are important for processes and/ or reactions which require specific and stable \[pH\] ranges- because it tends to maintain constant hydrogen ion concentration.