Question

Homologous organs indicate
A. Convergent evolution
B. Parallel evolution
C. Natural evolution
D. Common Descent

Answer 1

Hint: Evolutionary biology is the study of history of life forms on earth.
The origin of life is considered a unique event in the history of the universe.
Comparative anatomy and morphology shows similarities and differences among organisms of today and those existed years ago.

Complete answer:
Evolution is the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection.
There is different type of evolution seen on the earth:
1. Divergent evolution
2. Convergent evolution
3. Parallel evolution
4. Natural evolution
Divergent evolution: It refers to the process by which interbreeding species diverged into two or more evolutionary groups.
It means that these groups of species used to be similar and related.
In these groups of species or animals, the same structure developed along different directions due to adaptations to different needs.
Example: Vertebrate hearts or brains.
Convergent evolution: convergent evolution is the process whereby organisms not closely related independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches.
For example: The eye of the octopus and of mammals.
Parallel evolution: It is the independent evolution of similar traits, starting from a similar ancestral condition.
Natural evolution: Charles Darwin's theory of evolution states that evolution happens by natural selection.
For example: Industrial melanism, Sickle cell anaemia, Antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

So, the correct option is option D. common descent.

Note: Adaptive Radiation: This is the process of evolution of different species in a given geographical area starting from a point and literally radiating to other areas of habitats is known as adaptive radiation. For example: Darwin’s finches and Australian marsupials.