Question

Heterophagosome is
A. Lysosome in which only ingestible food is left
B. Formed by the fusion of primary lysosome with degenerating intracellular organelle
C. Newly pinched out vesicle from Golgi apparatus which fuses with endosome to become functional
D. Formed by the fusion of primary lysosome with food containing phagosome 

Answer 1

Hint: Heterophagosome is digestive vacuoles. The body contains engulfed material that is absorbed in the membrane also has a complete complex of acid hydrolases (hydrolytic enzymes). The degraded material from these lysosomes passes through the lysosome membrane and is built into the cell so that it can be reused in metabolic pathways.

Complete answer:
Let’s start with the lysosome definition.
Lysosomes are electron microscopic vesicular structures of the cytoplasm that are bounded by a single membrane (lipoproteins) and are involved in the intracellular digestive activity. They contain hydrolytic enzymes.
There are four types of lysosomes
• Primary lysosomes -Although primary lysosomes are popular in the Golgi apparatus, they are also found as granulocytes and monocytes. This lysosome is surrounded by a phospholipid layer and contains acid hydrolases.
• Secondary lysosomes - appear when primary lysosomes fuse with phagosomes/pinosomes (also called endosomes). Fusion also activates enzymes that were previously inactive and can digest biomolecules such as nucleic acids and lipids, among others. Compared to primary lysosomes, secondary lysosomes are larger and can release their contents (enzymes) outside the cell, where foreign material is broken down.
They result either from phagocytosis or pinocytosis of foreign material from cells. Or extracellular substances are enclosed in the membrane after phagocytosis or pinocytosis and these membrane-bound structures are known as phagosomes or pinosomes.
Tertiary lysosome/waste body: Secondary lysosomes which contain indigestible substances are referred to as residual bodies or tertiary lysosomes. The latter occurs with cells via exocytosis (aphasia).
Autophagosomes: Cells can digest their organelles such as mitochondria, ER. This process is known as autophagy. They consist of primary lysosomes. Acid hydrolase from lysosomes assimilates organelles so that lysosomes are sometimes referred to as neutralizing units/suicide sacs, sometimes they rupture causing cell or tissue damage.

Hence, the correct answer is option (D).

Note: Autolysis is the destruction of cells, tissues or organs with the help of lysosomes. The lysosomes that perform autolysis do not seal off the structures that need to be broken down. Instead, they explode on their own to release digestive enzymes. Autolysis occurs in cells that are ageing, dead, or diseased. The loss of larval organs during metamorphosis (eg frog's tail) is caused by autolysis. Leukocyte lysosomes absorb foreign proteins, toxic substances, bacteria and other microorganisms. In this way, they participate in the body's natural defences.