Question

What happens to acids when dissolved in water?

Answer 1

Hint: We know that the acids are compounds that can liberate hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions, while bases have the capability to liberate hydroxide ions. This process is done when we want dilute solutions of concentrated acids. Greater the amount of acid, the amount of heat released.

Complete answer:
Acids can dissociate into positive hydrogen ions, while bases can dissociate into negative hydroxide ions. The extent of their dissociation or liberation of these ions makes any acid or base strong/weak. While mixing acid and water, in case any strong acid is mixed, then utmost care must be taken in the order of pouring the acid and water. Always acid is added to water, and not water into an acid, as strong acids would result in the release of energy as the reaction will be highly exothermic.
There are two types of reactions based on the temperature, i.e., exothermic reaction and endothermic reaction. Exothermic reactions are those in which there is a rise in the temperature and the energy is released while endothermic reactions are those in which there is a fall in the temperature and there is the absorption of energy. The formula of hydrochloric acid is $$HCl$$ and it is a strong acid. Since it is a strong acid, on dilution in water the hydrochloric acid will dissociate into hydrogen ions and chloride ions. We know that the hydrogen ions are very small, and they can readily react with the electronegative atom. Since water contains an oxygen atom which is an electronegative atom and it can form hydrogen bonding with the hydrogen ions. Acids can be defined as substances which when dissolved in water to produce hydrogen ions.

Note:
Remember that the hydrochloric acid is dissolved in water, the hydrogen ions will form hydrogen bonding with the oxygen atom of the water molecule, since this formation is so strong which releases a huge amount of energy and the heat is given off which increases the temperature of the solution.