Question

Goitre affects 
(a) Speech 
(b) Excretion
(c) Metabolism 
(d) Vision 

Answer 1

Hint: Goitre affects the rate at which fat and carbohydrates are used up in our bodies. Also, it affects calcium regulation in our bodies. Goitre affects various chemical processes in our bodies.

Complete answer:
Goitre is the condition wherein the thyroid gland will undergo enlargement. It has various impacts on metabolism. Goitre is caused by hypothyroidism, i.e. low thyroid hormone secretion. Iodine is vital for the normal rate of thyroid hormone synthesis. Deficiency of the dietary iodine results in low thyroid hormone secretion. The thyroxine hormone controls growth, mental abilities, and differentiation of the tissues. It controls protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism, and thus regulates body tissue growth. These hormones have a significant role to play in regulating the basal metabolic rate ( BMR). So goitre affects metabolism due to thyroid hormone deficiency.
-Two main hormones-thyroxine (T-4) and triiodothyronine (T-3)-are produced by the thyroid gland. These hormones circulate through the bloodstream and help to control the metabolism. They maintain the rate at which our body uses fats and carbohydrates, help control the temperature in our body, influence the heart rate, and help to regulate protein production. Calcitonin is also produced by the thyroid gland. Calcitonin a hormone that helps regulate the amount of calcium in the blood.
Iodine deficiency, Graves disease, Hashimoto’s disease, multinodular goitre, Inflammation, pregnancy, thyroid cancer are some of the causes of a goitre.

So, the correct answer is ‘metabolism’.

Note: Small goitres that cause no physical or cosmetic issues are not a concern. But large goitres can make it difficult to breathe or swallow and can cause cough and heaviness. Goitres that result from other conditions, such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, can be associated with a number of symptoms, ranging from fatigue and weight gain to unexpected weight loss, irritability, and sleep disorder.