Question

Given,$4Al + 3O{}_2 \to 2A{l_2}{O_3}$
If $1.08g$ of aluminum and $0.99g$ oxygen are available for this reaction, who is the limiting reactant?
A.$Al$
B.${O_2}$
C.$A{l_2}{O_3}$
D.Mole ratios of reactants are perfectly balanced.

Answer 1

Hint: In chemistry, a chemical reaction occurs in a suitable condition that contains reactant and product. It may be two or more than two. During the reaction, some substances aggressively work or some slowly work.

Complete step by step answer:
Before, finding the limiting agent, let's have a look at the chemical reaction and its type.
Chemical reaction - It is a combination of reactant and product. A chemical substance first starts the process or reaction while the result is known as the product of the reaction. It has mainly four types, combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement reaction.
A chemical reaction has to be balanced when the number of an atom of reactant and product will be the same then it is known as a balanced reaction.
Here, let's check if the given reaction is balanced or not.
$4Al + 3O{}_2 \to 2A{l_2}{O_3}$
According to this reaction, we have four atoms of aluminum on the left side, four on the right side, six atoms of oxygen on the left side, and six on the right side. It means the reaction is already balanced.
Now, check who is the limiting reactant, so calculate the molar mass of aluminum and oxygen.
Molecular weight of Aluminum is $26$ = $26$
given mass of aluminum is $1.08g$
molar mass of aluminum = $\dfrac{{1.08}}{{26}}$ = $0.041$
molecular weight of oxygen is $16 \times 2$ =$32$
molar mass = $\dfrac{{0.99}}{{32}}$ = $0.031$
= $\dfrac{{0.041}}{{0.031}} = 1.322$
$1.322$ mole of aluminum over oxygen. Therefore, oxygen is a limiting reactant.
Hence, option $B$ is the correct answer.

Note:
Combination reaction- When two reactants combine and produce one product. Decomposition - When one reactant breaks into two products. Displacement - When one element changes its position. Double displacement - When two-element change their position during the reaction.