Question

Give a brief description of three parts of the stomach.

Answer 1

Hint: The stomach constitutes an important part of the digestive system. It produces various enzymes that help in the breakdown of food to facilitate the absorption of nutrients.

Complete step-by-step answer:
The stomach is a J-shaped organ that produces acids and enzymes for the digestion of food. It is situated between the oesophagus and the duodenal region of the small intestine. It is located in the upper quadrant of the abdomen.
It functions to store food temporarily, consists of specialised cells that secrete enzymes for digestion, and contracts and relaxes mechanically to break down food.
The stomach can be divided into five separate sections- cardia, fundus, body, antrum, and pylorus.
Cardia: It is the top portion of the stomach. It houses the cardiac sphincter, which prevents the regurgitation of food back into the oesophagus.
Fundus: It is located next to the cardia situated below the diaphragm. It is the upper curved part of the stomach.
Corpus/Body: It is the major central region of the stomach. It helps in the mechanical churning and breakdown of food.
Antrum: It is located below the body of the stomach. It temporarily holds the food before sending it to the small intestine.
Pylorus: It is the lowermost region. It houses the pyloric sphincter. This tissue controls the movement of the stomach content into the small intestine.

Image: Parts of the stomach

Note: The stomach is supplied with arteries from the celiac trunk of the first major visceral branch from the abdominal aorta. The nerves of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system innervate the stomach. The 10th cranial or the vagus nerve of the parasympathetic nerve fibres is involved.