Question

GERL system was proposed by
A. Aschoff
B. Metchnikoff
C. Novikoff
D. None of the above

Answer 1

Hint: American biologist known for his pioneering work in cell organelles, who discovered the histochemical technique.

Complete answer:
The GERL system stands for the Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes system, discovered by Alex B Novikoff. The GERL system is a complex found in the cell that involves the Golgi apparatus, Endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes. The GERL system performs biological processes like synthesizing and/or recycling of materials, endocytosis, and removal of waste through exocytosis. Endoplasmic reticulum secretes proteins, these proteins are then packaged by the Golgi apparatus into vesicles that are transported outside the cell by exocytosis. Golgi apparatus is also involved in the formation of lysosomes. These lysosomes are then utilized in digestion and removal of excess and worn-out organelles, food particles and to engulf bacteria and viruses.

Additional Information:
- Novikoff is an American biologist who worked in the field of cell biology and histochemistry.
- Some of his discoveries include Cell fractionation, enzyme activity, cell organelles (like lysosomes, peroxisome, micro peroxisome and GERL system), he was first to establish liver tumor, Organelle staining technique (DAB) and other histochemical techniques.
- Endocytosis is a method of intake of materials by a cell from its environment, this happens by the invagination of the cell membrane to form a that engulfs the material and then pinches off from the cell membrane to form vesicle in the cytoplasm of the cell.
- Endocytosis is of two forms.
- Exocytosis is the substance outside the cells. A process known as secretion involves the formation of vesicles around the substance to be removed from the cell. Once the vesicle is formed it fuses with the cell membrane and releases the content to the external environment.

Note: GERL system also denotes the maturing phase of the apparatus specialized in producing precursors of lysosomes. It describes the collaborative functioning of google apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes.