Question

Genetic information is transferred from zygote to all body cell by
A) Meiosis
B) Amitosis
C) Endomitosis
D) Mitosis

Answer 1

Hint: It is the phase in the cell cycle where the newly created DNA is split and two new cells are developed with the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.

Complete answer:
First we should know about genetic information to answer this question. Genetic information implies the hereditary information regarding the DNA sequence, genes, genetic sequence, gene products, or inherited traits contained in chromosomal DNA or RNA originating from an individual or family member.

Now, let us find the solution from the options-
> Meiosis is the mechanism that decreases the number of chromosomes in a cell before reproduction in eukaryotic, sexually-reproducing organisms. In many species, the eggs and sperm cells are packaged into gametes. The gametes will then interact and merge to form a new zygote during reproduction. Thus, the option A is incorrect.
> In a cellular species such as bacteria and protozoa, amitosis is the way of asexual reproduction and also a means of growth or multiplication in the foetal membranes of some vertebrates. Thus, the option B is incorrect.
> The doubling of chromosomes inside a non-dividing nucleus is an endomitosis. In a single nucleus, the doubling may be replicated a number of times. It occurs primarily in insects, where there are unique polyploid numbers in various adult tissues; it also exists in some vertebrate tissues. Thus, the option C is incorrect.
> Genetic information is transmitted via mitosis to all body cells from the zygote. The mitosis mechanism is quick and highly complex. The series of events is split into phases leading to one set of activities being finished and the beginning of the next. Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase are those stages. The chromosomes that have already been duplicated during mitosis condense and bind to fibres that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite poles of the cell. The cell then divides to create two genetically identical daughter cells by cytokinesis.

Thus, the correct answer is option D i.e, Mitosis.

Note: Genetic information is found primarily in chromosomes, where deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) molecules are encoded in a definite linear sequence of nucleotides. In the process of ontogeny, genetic information is realised by the transfer of genetic information from gene to character by the growth of the organism.