Question

Genetic engineering is connected with
A. Development of transgenic plants
B. Development of vaccination
C. Gene therapy
D. All the above

Answer 1

Hint: Genetic Engineering is used to produce artificial DNA by using a combination of different genetic materials from various sources. It use rDNA or Recombinant DNA technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism.

Complete answer:
First recombinant DNA molecule was developed by Paul Berg by combining SV40 virus and lambda phage DNA. Boyer and Cohen developed recombinant DNA technology in 1973.

Applications and uses of genetic engineering:
- Isolation, identification, mapping and sequencing of genes.
- Production of recombinant proteins for lab experiments.
- Development of drug delivery systems.
- Recombinant Vaccines can be developed for prevention of many diseases like Hepatitis-B.
- Synthesis of drugs, hormones and proteins. Insulin and growth hormones are examples.
- Detection and Diagnosis of diseases like HIV.
- Treatment using gene silencing systems like CRISPR.
- Gene therapy which is used to correct the genetic defects.
- Production of genetically modified crops in agriculture and transgenic plants.
- Introduction of pest resistant genes in crops. For example pest resistant cotton and pest resistant brinjal.
- Recombinant enzymes are used in the food industry for example in production of cheese.

Hence the correct answer is Option D) all of the above.

Note: Transgenic plants are the plants which have been genetically modified using genetic engineering or RDT to introduce certain desired traits in them. For example Bt cotton is a transgenic plant produced by genetic modification of the cotton genome so that it could express a protein from bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. This gave it resistance against bollworm. Organisms like bacteria and Yeast are used to produce recombinant vaccines.