Question

Gemma for vegetative reproduction occurs in
(a)Funaria
(b)Fern
(c)Marchantia
(d)Riccia

Answer 1

Hint: It shows separation into two layers: an upper photosynthetic layer with an all-around characterized upper epidermis with pores and a lower stockpiling layer. The blend of barrel-molded pores and in this manner the round state of the gemma cups are analytic of the genus.

Complete answer:
Gemmae likewise happen on the protonemal parts of some Funaria species.

Additional Information: Marchantia can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction includes sperm from antheridia on the male plant preparing an ovum (egg cell) inside the archegonium of a female plant. The antheridia and archegonia are borne on top gametophyte stalks called antheridiophores and archegoniophores, separately. These are borne on isolated thalli; henceforth, the plants are dioecious.
Once fertilized, the ovum is called a zygote and develops into a little sporophyte plant, which remains attached to the larger gametophyte plant. The sporophyte produces spores that develop into free-living male and female gametophyte plants.
Asexual reproduction happens by methods for gemmae, discoid bunches of cells that are hereditarily similar to the parent and contained in cup-like structures on the plant
These are dispersed when rain splashes into the cups and becomes new plants. Asexual reproduction also can occur when older parts of the plant die and therefore the surviving newer branches become separate plants.
So the correct answer is ‘Marchantia’.

Note: In Marchantia and Lunularia the gemmae are delivered in gemma cups arranged on the dorsal surface of the gametophyte. Numerous gemmae are found in every gemma cup. On being segregated from the cup, every gemma offers to ascend to a plant. The gemma cups are round in Marchantia and bow molded-in Lunularia.