Question

Functionality of phenol is.

Answer 1

Hint: The aromatic organic chemical phenol (also known as carbolic acid) has the molecular formula $ {{C}_{6}}{{H}_{5}}OH $ . It is a flammable white crystalline substance. A phenyl group ( $ -{{C}_{6}}{{H}_{5}} $ ) is linked to a hydroxyl group ( $ O{{H}^{-}} $ ) in this molecule. It's mildly acidic and should be handled with caution since it can cause chemical burns.

Complete answer:
Functional group is frequently used as a synonym for functionality in organic chemistry. A hydroxyl group, for example, is also known as a HO-function.
Functionalization is the introduction of functional groups, such as silanization for specific modification of a surface's adhesion, functionalization of metal or metal oxide nanoparticles to stabilise such nanoparticles, or so-called C-H functionalization, which is the substitution of a C-H bond by a functional group, bonded to the surface.
In the realm of organic chemistry, phenol is a well-known term. Phenol has the chemical formula $ {{C}_{6}}{{H}_{5}}OH $ . $ {{C}_{6}}{{H}_{5}}OH $ is an aromatic chemical, meaning it has 4n+2 double bonds and forms a ring. A hydroxyl group is linked to a phenyl group in this molecule. It is water soluble and has been used as a cleaning agent. Phenol was one of the earliest organic chemicals utilised in the production of industrial soap.
The chemical reactivities of C atoms, not the three double bonds, determine phenol's functionality. Phenol, on the other hand, is a mild acid yet a hazardous chemical compound. Electrophilic sub reactions with certain chemicals, such as halogenation, can make it reactive.
Reactions involving the phenol ring: The presence of a hydroxyl group in the phenyl ring increases the species' ortho-para carbon reactivity. As a result, electrophilic substitution reactions occur with phenol.
Phenol halogenation: Because the - OH group is highly reactive, phenol is routinely poly substituted. To avoid poly substitution, the reaction should be carried out in a nonpolar solvent such as $ C{{S}_{2}} $ or $ CC{{l}_{4}} $ and at a low temperature.

Note:
Phenol was formerly widely used as an antiseptic, according to Joseph Lister, who pioneered its usage. It was employed in the manufacturing of carbolic soap from the early 1900s through the 1970s. Chemical matrixectomy, or the permanent treatment of ingrown toe and fingernails, is frequently performed with concentrated phenol solutions. Otto Boll was the first to describe the technique in 1945. Since then, it has been the preferred chemical for podiatrists doing chemical matrixectomies.