Question

What is the function of vesicles in the synthesis of proteins and the release of those proteins outside the cell?

Answer 1

Hint: Vesicles form during exocytosis and endocytosis. They also form during the transport of materials inside the plasma membrane.

Complete answer:
A vesicle is a structure present outside the cell which is enclosed by a lipid bilayer. They are located within or outside the cell. Artificially prepared vesicles are called liposomes.
There are several types of vesicular structures. They are:
- Vacuoles: Vacuoles are cell organelles that contain water. Plant cells have large vacuoles.
- Lysosomes: Lysosomes are cell organelles that are involved in cellular digestion. The lysosomes break down food molecules for digestion.
- Transport vesicles: Transport vesicles can move anywhere inside the cell. They facilitate the transport of proteins inside the cell.
- Secretory vesicles: Secretory vesicles excrete materials from the cells. They perform the disposal of waste.
Vesicles perform a large amount of functions. Vesicles are separated from the cytosol, hence their inside is made to be different from the environment of the cytosol. Vesicles are used by the cell for the organization of cellular substances. Vesicles have important functions like:
- Metabolism
- Control of buoyancy
- Transport
Vesicles also function as reaction chambers for cellular reactions.
Vesicle dysfunction is speculated to be a contributor to major diseases like Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, epilepsy and some cancers.

Note:
Unilamellar liposome vesicles have only one phospholipid bilayer. They are called multilamellar if they have more than one phospholipid bilayer. The membrane enclosing the vesicle is similar to the plasma membrane.