Question

How do frictional forces affect the operation and efficiency of a machine?

Answer 1

Hint: Friction acts as both boon and bane when we walk friction acts as a boon it helps us to the movie but in the case of machinery the friction acts as bane because the energy supplied or work supplied to run the machine is used to overcome the friction between the components thus the efficiency of the machine is reduced.

Complete step by step answer:
Friction exists everywhere in nature between every two objects when the two objects are at rest there is static friction between them the force we apply on them to make them in motion the force is first utilized to overcome the static friction and the remaining force makes the object to move
Similarly, when the object is in motion the kinetic friction is there between the two objects this friction opposes the motion thus the extra force is required to maintain motion.
Similarly, a machine is also a combination of several parts and both static and kinetic friction occurs in the motion of the machine a large part of power supplied to the machine is utilized to overcome the friction, and the remaining is used to run the machine thus friction reduces the efficiency of the machine
Now where friction occurs it means the two bodies are rubbing against each other and as we know when two bodie3s rubs against each other it produces heat energy an if the friction between these two bodies ids more than the amount of heat generated will also be more so the machine elements will get heated up and get damage thus friction reduces the operating range of the machinery

Note:
-Friction when acts as both a boon and a bane but it depends on the condition because there will be no motion possible without friction and friction also opposes the motion
-A ball rolling on the ground will never stop on its own if there is no friction
-And a ball with high friction will never start moving until the applied force overcomes the friction.