Question

Who founded Young Italy?
(a)Bismarck
(b)Count Cavour
(c)Garibaldi
(d)Giuseppe Mazzini

Answer 1

Hint: -He was an Italian nationalist who defined the modern-day European movements for democracy in the state.
-It was his efforts that eventually led to the unification and independence of Italy.

Complete answer: Young Italy was an Italian Nationalist Movement for the youth of Italy (citizens under 40 years of age). It was founded by Giuseppe Mazzini in the year 1831. During this time Giuseppe Mazzini was in exile. Therefore, he wrote a letter to King Charles Albert asking him to unite the nation and lead Italy. He did not observe any response to the letter in a month and hence assumed that the letter might not have reached the King. Therefore, he founded Young Italy in France itself (in Marseille, where he was spending his period of exile).
The aim of the movement was to form the United Italian Republic. He tried to do this by promoting a general insurrection in the Italian states and also the land which was occupied by the Austrian Empire. Around 1833, the movement gathered approximately 60,000 members. They all had to take the oath while becoming members and pledge that they would make Italy united, independent, and a free republic nation where all its citizens would be considered equal.
Thus, the correct answer is Option (D), Giuseppe Mazzini.

Note: -There were other similar movements going on around Europe at that time which Mazzini himself had founded.
-These included Young Europe, founded in 1835 with the same function and operation as Young Italy.
-He also supported movements in other countries, such as Young Germany, Young Poland, Young Turks, etc. and helped tread the path of independence.