Question

Flowers having epigynous gamopetalous condition and basal placentation are found in
A. Compositae
B. Cucurbitaceae
C. Solanaceae
D. Malvaceae

Answer 1

Hint: There are three types of flowers based on the position of ovary-Hypogynous, Epigynous, And Perigynous. In an epigynous flower an inferior ovary is present. In the basal type of placentation, the placenta develops on the thalamus directly and the ovule is situated at the ovary base. In gamopetalous flower petals are fused.

Complete answer:
Let’s study each option one by one to answer the question.
Flower type based on ovary position.
Hypogynous -When the position of gynoecium at the top of the thalamus, and the rest other parts of the flower, like petals, sepals, and androecium borne below the gynoecium. This condition is known as hypogynous and the ovary in such cases is superior.
Epigynous -When petals, sepals, and androecium arise above gynoecium. Flowers in such conditions are said to be epigynous and the ovary is said to be inferior.
Perigynous - The ovaries in this type of flowers are half inferior and the free parts of the petals, sepals, and stamens attach to the edges of the thalamus.
Corolla is the accessory whorl of a flower. It is made up of petals. Which are generally colored and Petals may be fused (gamopetalous) Or they may be free polypetalous (free).
 Placentation-In flowering plants, the placenta is the placement of ovules in the ovaries.
Marginal-In this type of placentation ovules develop in rows close to the margin and the placenta is formed along the ventral suture. This type of placentation occurs in the unilocular and monocarpellary ovary, for example-Leguminosae.
 Parietal: In this type of placentation formation of the placenta occurs by the swelling up of cohering margins and ovules develop in rows. This type of placentation occurs in multicarpellary or bicarpellary but unilocular ovaries. For example-Papaveraceae.
Free-central: In this type of placentation development of the placenta occurs in the center of the ovary just like a prolongation of the floral axis and the ovules are attached to this axis. e.g., Primulaceae.
Basal: In this type of placentation placenta develops on the thalamus directly and the ovule is situated at the ovary base. For example-Compositae.
Axile: In this type of placentation placentae develop from the central axis. This type of placentation occurs in the bilocular to the multilocular ovary. For example- Malvaceae, Solanaceae.
Let’s summarise all the above points
Compositae- Basal placentation, gamopetalous, and epigynous flowers.
Cucurbitaceae- Pseudo axile placentation, Polypetalous and
Solanaceae- Axile placentation, gamopetalous, and epigynous.
Malvaceae- Axile placentation, hypogynous flower, and polypetalous.
So, the correct answer is “Option A”.

Note:
Compositae, the original name of Asteraceae, was first described by the German botanist Paul Dietrich Giseke. Traditionally, two subfamilies have been identified: Asteroideae and Cichorioideae. The latter is largely paraphyletic.
The Asteraceae is an economically important family that offers products such as vegetable oils, leafy vegetables such as lettuce, sunflower seeds, artichokes, sweeteners, coffee substitutes, and herbal teas. Various genera have horticultural importance, including calendula (Calendula officinalis), echinacea (cone-shaped flowers), various asters, lice, chrysanthemums, dahlias, and zinnias. Asteraceae are important in herbal medicine, including grindelia, yarrow, and many more.