Question

First artificial hybrid was obtained by crossing sweet william and carnation in 1717 by–
A) G.J Mendel
B) M.S Swaminathan
C) P. Maheshwari
D) Thomas Fairchild

Answer 1

Hint: The process in which only desired pollen grains are used for pollination and fertilization and two different plant varieties are cross-pollinated is called artificial hybridization. By extension, an artificial hybrid is an individual resulting from such interbreeding.

Complete answer:
Let us analyze the options to find the correct answer-
Option A: G.J Mendel discovered the fundamentals laws of inheritance (Law of Dominance, Law of Segregation, and Law of Independent assortment) through his experiments with pea plants. Thus, this is an incorrect option.
Option B: M.S. Swaminathan is known for developing and spearheading the introduction of high-yielding wheat and rice varieties into India during the 1960s. He helped design and lead the Green revolution, which brought food self- sufficiency to our country. Therefore, this is an incorrect option.
Option C: P. Maheshwari discovered the production of haploids using anther culture and established the technique of test-tube fertilization of angiosperms. Many improved crop varieties were developed due to his efforts. Therefore, this is an incorrect option.
Option D: Thomas Fairchild was the first person to scientifically produce an artificial hybrid in 1717. He successfully crossbred a carnation pink (Dianthus caryophyllus) with a Sweet William (Dianthus barbatus), and the resulting plant Dianthus caryophyllus barbatus or Fairchild’s Mule was obtained. Therefore, this is the correct option.

Thus, the correct answer is option ‘D’. Thomas Fairchild.

Note: Through the hybridization work of Thomas Fairchild, first-generation sterile Dianthus hybrids were created. This scientific breakthrough predicted the modern era of horticulture and agriculture, dominated by plant hybridization for either ornamental purposes or productivity.