Question

How do you find the sum of the infinite geometric series $0.5 + 0.05 + 0.005 + ...$ ?

Answer 1

Hint: In a geometric progression, each term is multiplied by a common ratio to get the next term. The terms of such series is given by, $a,{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} ar,{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} a{r^2},...$ , where $r$ is the common ratio. We can use the formula to find the sum of the series upto $n$ terms given by, ${S_n} = \dfrac{{a(1 - {r^n})}}{{(1 - r)}}$.

Formula used:
${S_n} = \dfrac{{a(1 - {r^n})}}{{(1 - r)}}$
${S_\infty } = \dfrac{a}{{(1 - r)}}$

Complete step by step solution:
We are given a series $0.5 + 0.05 + 0.005 + ...$
We are given that this series is a Geometric Progression.
We can find the common ratio of the series by dividing the consecutive terms.
We can calculate the common ratio as $r = \dfrac{{0.05}}{{0.5}} = \dfrac{{0.005}}{{0.05}} = 0.1$
Thus, the given series is a Geometric Progression (GP) with common ratio $r = 0.1$
Now we can use the formula to find the sum of the series up to $n$ terms given by, ${S_n} = \dfrac{{a(1 - {r^n})}}{{(1 - r)}}$.
We have to find the sum of the series up to infinite terms.
Since $r < 1$, as $n \to \infty $ we can say that ${r^n} \to 0$. Therefore, $(1 - {r^n}) \to 1$.
Thus, the formula for sum of the infinite geometric series becomes,
${S_\infty } = \dfrac{a}{{(1 - r)}}$
where, ${S_\infty }$ is the sum of the infinite series
$a$ is the first term of the series
$r$ is the common ratio
In the given series, $a = 0.5$ and $r = 0.1$
Putting all the values in the above formula, we get,
\[
  {S_\infty } = \dfrac{{0.5}}{{(1 - 0.1)}} \\
   \Rightarrow {S_\infty } = \dfrac{{0.5}}{{0.9}} \\
   \Rightarrow {S_\infty } = \dfrac{5}{9} \approx 0.556 \\
\]
Thus, the sum of the given infinite series is $\dfrac{5}{9} \approx 0.556$.

Note: We can find the sum of the geometric series up to $\infty $ terms using the formula only when the absolute value of the common ratio is less than $1$, i.e. $\left| r \right| < 1$. For $\left| r \right| > 1$, we can only calculate sums up to $n$ terms where $n$ is a finite natural number. We can calculate the sum of the series without knowing all the terms, we only need at most three terms to calculate the common ratio.