Question

Find the mismatch from the following pairs
A. Divergent evolution 🡪 thorn form of bougainvillea and tendril of Cucurbita
B. Adaptive radiation🡪Australian mansplains
C. Natural selection🡪 industrial melanism
D. Genetic drift 🡪 constant gene frequency

Answer 1

Hint: The Hardy Weinberg principle which states that frequencies are supposed to remain fixed and remain the same through generation. This principle is opposed by gene migration, gene drift, natural selection and mutation.

Complete step by step answer:
-Divergent evolution is defined as the same structure developed along the different directions. They share a common ancestor but still evolved into two different species. Example is the thorn form of bougainvillea, a fox, dog and wolf and third is finches of the Galapagos Archipelago.
-Convergent evolution is a different structure evolving for the same function. Example is Flippers of penguins
-Adaptive radiation- evolution of different species in a given geographical area radiating to other areas. It is a process in which the individual diversifies rapidly from the ancestral species into new forms of variety mostly in the influence of the environment. Example marsupials of Australia and when natural disasters cause species to become extinct.
-Natural selection- It is based on the Darwinian Theory. It is the natural process of an organism to evolve, adapt and change. The one who is able to adapt and change will stay and are naturally selected by the environment and the other will become extinct. Industrial melanism is an evolutionary effect prominent in arthropods where dark pigmentation evolved due to industrial pollution. The white moths were directly visible on the pollution-tinted bark and eaten by the predators and the black moth were safe in the dark background.
Genetic drift- Basically genetic drift is the change in the frequency of the present gene. There will be gene flow if gene migration occurs frequently and when the same change occurs by chance it is gene drift.
So, the correct answer is “Option D”.

Note: When migration of selection of population to other places occurs gene frequencies change in the same and new population as well. The example of gene drift is a bottleneck effect.