Question

What factors could lead to the rise of a new species? Explain.

Answer 1

Hint: The conditions of the environment do not remain stagnant but they are ever changing and evolving. Due to these changes, the organism is also subjected to a continuous process of evolution and this gives rise to new variations in the population.

Complete answer:
Speciation is an evolutionary process of development of the new species from the existing one. In the process of speciation, an ancestral species split into two or more new species. When a species gets separated from the group for a long time then evolved as a different trait are referred to as a new species
There are various factors that can lead to speciation. The main factors which lead to the rise of new species are natural selection, genetic drift, geographical isolation, and mutation. In speciation, a single evolutionary lineage gets split into two or more genetically independent lineages due to the actions of several environmental factors.
a) Natural selection.
All species respond to the changes in the environment and their ability to respond depends on their genes. The genes which are suited best to the particular environment, will survive and become capable of fertilizing and producing viable offspring. This process is called natural selection.
b) Genetic drift
It occurs due to random fluctuations in frequencies of a definite gene which causes variation in the gene pool of the population. Genetic drift functions as a factor of speciation which is settled by the isolation mechanism and finally results in evolution.
c) Geographical isolation
Geographical isolation is a basic factor of speciation. When a group of individuals species get isolated geographically from the other than both the group grow in a different environment and accumulate distinct characteristics. Due to geographical differences, interbreeding between them is not possible and ultimately, produces new species.
d) Mutation
The mutation is a sudden and stable change in the gene of an organism. When a gene is mutated due to several reasons, it can evolve into new species.
There are also some other factors that work together to bring about speciation which are reproductive isolation and environmental mechanisms on the isolated populations.

Note:
When a new species is developed from the existing one, that process is called speciation. The main factors responsible for the evolution of a new species from the existing ones are natural selection, genetic drift, geographical isolation, and mutation. Reproductive isolation and environmental factors on the isolated population are also responsible for the formation of new species.
Speciation can be driven by the evolution process that results in some changes in the gene is called a mutation. There are several factors that can lead to the process of the formation of new species.