Question

How do you factor the quadratic equation \[12{{x}^{2}}+13x-4\]?

Answer 1

Hint: Apply the middle term split method to factorize \[12{{x}^{2}}+13x-4\]. Split 13x into two parts in such a way that their sum is 13x and the product is \[-48{{x}^{2}}\]. For this process find the prime factors of 48 and combine them in such a way so that we can get our conditions satisfied. Finally, take the common terms together and write \[12{{x}^{2}}+13x-4\] as a product of two terms given as \[\left( x-a \right)\left( x-b \right)\]. Here, ‘a’ and ‘b’ are called zeroes of the polynomial.

Complete answer:
Here, we have been asked to factorize the quadratic polynomial: \[12{{x}^{2}}+13x-4\].
Let us use the middle term split method for the factorization. It states that we have to split the middle term which is 13x into two terms such that their sum 13x and product is equal to the product of constant term (-4) and \[12{{x}^{2}}\], i.e., \[-48{{x}^{2}}\]. To do this, first we need to find all the prime factors of 48. So, let us find.
We know that 48 can be written as: - \[48=2\times 2\times 2\times 2\times 3\] as the product of its primes. Now, we have to group these four 2’s and one 3 such that our conditions of the middle term split method is satisfied. So, we have,
(i) \[16x+\left( -3x \right)=13x\]
(ii) \[16x\times \left( -3x \right)=-48{{x}^{2}}\]
Hence, both the conditions of the middle term split method are satisfied. So, the quadratic polynomial can be written as: -
\[\begin{align}
  & \Rightarrow 12{{x}^{2}}+13x-4=12{{x}^{2}}+16x+3x-4 \\
 & \Rightarrow 12{{x}^{2}}+13x-4=4x\left( 3x+4 \right)-1\left( 3x+4 \right) \\
\end{align}\]
Taking \[\left( 3x+4 \right)\] common in the R.H.S. we get,
\[\Rightarrow 12{{x}^{2}}+13x-4=\left( 3x+4 \right)\left( 4x-1 \right)\]
Hence, \[\left( 3x+4 \right)\left( 4x-1 \right)\] is the factored form of the given quadratic polynomial.

Note: One may note that we can use another method for the factorization. The Discriminant method can also be applied to solve the question. What we will do is we will find the solution of the quadratic equation using discriminant method. The values of x obtained will be assumed as x = a and x = b. Finally, we will consider the product \[\left( x-a \right)\left( x-b \right)\] to get the factored form.