Question

Explain the structure of the sun with a diagram.

Answer 1

Hint: The sun is the reason for life on the earth. The structure of the sun is made of various lays with various gases. In the sun various nuclear reactions are being done from a very early time. The fission reaction is one of the most important reactions and rare on the earth is also being done.

Complete step-by-step solution:

The sun is a huge burning ball of various gases, and the sun is so hot that all the elements are in a gaseous state. The gases are together by gravity and cause high heat and pressure in the core. There are two main regions, inner and outer in its structure.
The inner structure of the sun is made up of the solar core, the radiation zone, and convective zones where the thermonuclear process takes place. It consists of \[73%\] Hydrogen and about \[23%\] of Helium, and other elements like oxygen, carbon, neon, and iron are in a very small amount.
The thermonuclear reaction in sun is
\[\begin{align}
  & {}_{1}^{1}H+{}_{1}^{1}H\to {}_{1}^{2}H+{}_{+1}{{e}^{0}}+v+0.42MeV \\
 & {}_{+1}{{e}^{0}}+{}_{-1}{{e}^{0}}\to 2\gamma +1.02MeV \\
 & {}_{1}^{2}H+{}_{1}^{1}H\to {}_{2}^{3}He+\gamma +5.449MeV \\
\end{align}\]
When this reaction takes place two times and further next process takes place,
\[{}_{2}^{3}He+{}_{2}^{3}He\to {}_{2}^{4}He+{}_{1}^{1}H+{}_{1}^{1}H+12.86MeV\]
The outer region is the solar atmosphere which is made of photosphere, chromospheres, transition region, and the corona. The photosphere is visible and varies \[5770\text{ }K-5780\text{ }K\] and the chromospheres are visible due to the photosphere. The sunspot appears in this region. The temperature of the chromospheres is \[20,000\text{ }K.\] and the temperature of the transition region further increases\[20,000\text{ }K\text{ }to\text{ }1,000,000\text{ }K\]. The next, corona has very low density and it is visible during solar eclipse.

Note: The temperature of the core is very high and the transition region is also high but in between both the photosphere has a respective low temperature, this question is unsolved till today in astrophysics. The structure of the sun is very complex and all layers are partially on each other. So this structure is a model structure in very brief.