Question

Explain the law of dominance.

Answer 1

Hint: This comes under the Mendelian or Mendelian Principle that carries the rule of inheritance which was first discovered by Mendel. There are four principles or laws of inheritance based on monohybrid and poly hybrid crosses. According to the law of dominance, in heterozygous individuals or hybrids, a character is represented by two contrasting characters known as genes or allelomorphs.

Complete answer:
Out of the two contrasting alleles, only one gene can express its effect in the individual known as the dominant factor or dominant allele. The other allele which does not show its effect in the heterozygous individual is known as a recessive factor or recessive allele. Mendel used a letter symbol to donate these factors. The letter symbol used for the refers to the dominant factor is given in capital or upper case letters of the alphabet. A corresponding small or lower case letter is represented for the other recessive factor present in the heterozygous individual. For instance, T( for tallness) and t (for dwarfness). Mendel has experienced with Pisum sativum for seven characters only. In each case, he found that one expression or trait for the character(T for tallness in case of height) is dominant over the other expression or trait of character(t for dwarfness in case of height).

Note: The law of dominance is defined under the Mendelism and mendelian principle. This law states that in the heterozygous individuals or hybrids, the character is represented by two contrasting factors called alleles. The dominant alleles suppress the effect of the recessive alleles.