Question

Explain the following process
A. The polarisation of the membrane of a nerve fibre
B. The depolarization of the membrane of a nerve fibre
C. Conduction of nerve impulses along with the nerve fibre
D. Transmission of nerve impulses across a chemical synapse

Answer 1

Hint: A nerve fibre is a long nerve cell pathway known as the axon. The body of the nerve cell is found anatomically in the central nervous system or inside the peripheral nervous system's ganglia.

Complete Answer:
A. The polarisation of the membrane of a nerve fibre
The concentration of K+ ions is more within the axoplasm during the resting state, while the concentration of Na+ ions is more outside the axoplasm. As a consequence, in contrast to sodium ions, potassium ions travel further from inside to outside. The membrane then becomes outside positively charged and inside negatively charged. This is known as the polarisation of the polarised nerve or membrane.
B. The depolarization of the membrane of a nerve fibre
An action potential is produced when an electrical stimulus is given to a nerve fibre. The membrane, rather than potassium ions, becomes permeable to sodium ions. This results in a positive charge outside of the nerve fibre within and a negative charge outside. The membrane is thus said to be depolarized.
C. Conduction of nerve impulses along with the nerve fibre
An action potential is produced when an electrical stimulus is given to a nerve fibre. The membrane, rather than potassium ions, becomes permeable to sodium ions. This results in a positive charge outside of the nerve fibre within and a negative charge outside. The membrane is thus said to be depolarized.
D. The transmission of nerve impulses across a chemical synapse
At chemical synapses, signals are sent from the axon terminal of the presynaptic cell through the synaptic cleft by releasing neurotransmitters.

Note: Synapse is a slight gap arising between one neuron's last section of the axon and the next neuron's dendrite. Vesicles composed of neurotransmitters combine with the plasma membrane as an impulse enters the final plate of the axon.