Question

Explain the following:
(a)Speciation
(b)Natural selection

Answer 1

Hint: The process involves the origin of new species from the existing one. It is driven by the evolution that resulted in small changes over time and gradually formation of new species.

Complete answer:
Speciation: Speciation is an evolutionary process that involves the formation of new species from the existing ones. Speciation resulted in the accumulation of many small genetic changes known as mutations in a population over a long period. A species is a group of organisms reproduce with one another to produce fertile offspring and it is reproductively isolated from other organisms.

Natural selection: Darwin proposed the theory of natural selection that results in the adaptation of an organism to its environment employing selectively reproducing changes in its genotype or genetic constitution. It enables some species to survive better in natural conditions like climate, food, physical factors, etc. Natural selection resulted in organisms that are more likely to survive and reproduce and may eventually lead to speciation. Natural selection is always considered as a key component of adaptive divergence and speciation.
 Natural selection leads to
-Stabilization, in which more individuals get mean character value
-Directional, change that includes more individuals who obtain value other than the mean character value
-Disruption, in which more individuals get peripheral character value at both ends of the distribution curve
-Individuals that survived in harsh conditions pass down their advantageous trait to their offsprings.

Note: -Genetic drift is described as the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant or allele in a population due to random sampling of organisms.
-The effects of genetic drifts are strongest in small populations.