Question

Explain inspiration and expiration.

Answer 1

Hint: The lungs are the double membranous respiratory organs of the higher organisms. The space between the two membranes is filled with pleural fluid and is termed as pleural cavity.

Complete Answer:
- As we know every cell of our body needs oxygen. Lungs are the spongy pair of organs that are involved in the respiration process. It is located on each side of the chest that is thorax. The windpipe that is named as trachea conducts the inhalation of air inside the lungs through bronchi.
- The bronchi is divided into smaller branches and becomes microscopic. The bronchioles consist of microscopic air sacs named as alveoli where the oxygen gets absorbed into the blood and carbon dioxide the waste products travel to the alveoli from the blood this process is termed as exhalation.
- The alveoli consist of a thin layer in between that is termed as the interstitium that contain the blood vessels and cells that support the alveoli.
- Now, during the inspiration process, the diaphragm contracts and pulls the muscles of the lungs downward in between the ribs contract and pulls it in upward direction.
- During expiration, the diaphragm relaxes and the volume of the thoracic cavity gets decreased and the pressure inside it increases. The outcome of which the lungs contract and air becomes out of the body.

Note: The pericardium is the double walled sac found in the heart and the root of the vessels. The two layers are named as serous and the fibrous layer and it consists of pericardial cavity. It works the same as the pleural cavity but remember both are different.