Question

Explain Darwin’s theory of natural selection with industrial melanism as experimental proof.

Answer 1

Hint: He observed that the characteristics of many plants and animals vary greatly among the island. He studied tortoises and marine iguanas in the Galapagos Island. He observed that each island supported its form of finch which was closely related but different in important ways.


Complete answer:
The process of inheriting their characters which are well- suited for the environment they live in and helps in reproduction to produce more offspring than average is called natural selection.
Industrial melanism was an experimental observation based on the proportional increase of dark, or melanin, this pigment present in the individuals of populations cause changes in the environment that result in the industrial pollution.
- The phenomenon is on peppered moths or Bistonbetularis were before the industrial revolution, peppered moths in the UK were pale grey but after their habitats became polluted with soot from coal- fired factories, malonic or black phenotypes became numerous and spread to other regions.
The struggle for existence in which members of each species have to compete for food, shelter, other life necessities. According to Darwin theory:
- Individuals in nature differ from one another.
- Organisms in nature produce more offspring than can survive, and out of the many of those who do not survive do not reproduce.
- Because more organisms are produced than can survive, each species must struggle for food and shelter.
- Each organism is unique, each has advantages and disadvantages in the struggle of existence.
- The individuals which are best suited for the environment survive and reproduce most successfully.
- Species change over time.
- Species alive today descended with modification or evolution from species that lived in the past.
- All organisms present on earth are united into a single- family tree of life by common descent.

Note:
- Each organism is unique, each has advantages and disadvantages in the struggle of existence.
- The individuals which are best suited for the environment survive and reproduce most successfully.
- Species change over time.
- Species alive today descended with modification or evolution from species that lived in the past.
- All organisms present on earth are united into a single-family tree of life by common descent.