Question

Excess carbohydrates and proteins are stored in the body as:
A. Amino acids
B. Fats
C. Starch
D. Monosaccharides

Answer 1

Hint: It is a biomolecule from where triglycerides are derived. It is prominently stored in a solid form in the peripheral adipocytes. It also provides energy at times when there are no other sources left to provide energy in the body.

Complete answer: The body stores excess carbohydrates and proteins in the form of fats. At first, these get converted into fats and over the time these are stored in the adipose tissues in the form of triglycerides. The substrates required in triglyceride formation are fatty acids and monoacylglycerol
The steps involved in the conversion are as follows:
a. Conversion of fatty acids into acyl-CoA residues.
b. Combination of monoacylglycerol with acyl-CoA.
c. Combination of resultant diacylglycerol with acyl-CoA to form triglycerides.
Triglycerides are the primary energy source in the body stored in the adipose tissue. The free fatty acids from the lipoproteins enter the adipocytes. They are further reassembled into triglycerides by esterification on glycerol. This tissue provides protection by acting as fluid cushions. They also provide thermal insulation. Various enzymes can be derived from adipose tissues. Some of them include adiponectin, resistin, estradiol, leptin etc. Adipose tissues are also known to secrete adipokines which are related to obesity complications.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

The enzymes involved in the formation of triglyceride are as follows:
i) Synthetase enzyme
ii) Acylglycerol transferase
iii) Diacylglycerol transferase

Note: Triglycerides breakdown in the gut into their substrates, fatty acids and monoglycerides.
The liver is also capable of synthesizing triglycerides using fatty acids. There are two types of fatty acids present in the body; saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids.