Question

Excess bile pigment in urine indicates
A. Anemia
B. Diabetes insipidus
C. Jaundice
D. All the above

Answer 1

Hint: Bile pigment is the product of hemoglobin breakdown, excreted in bile. There are two types of bile pigment: bilirubin (yellow in color) and biliverdin (green in color). Biliverdin is the oxidized form and bilirubin in the bile pigment excreted through urine.

Complete answer:
The presence of bile pigment in urine is an indication of liver dysfunction. Jaundice is a disease caused due to liver dysfunction which leads to the detection of abnormally high levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream and in the urine. As the liver is not able to filter out the excess bilirubin. Bilirubin is a breakdown product of hemoglobin that is conjugated in the liver and secreted in bile. The excess of bile pigment in urine indicates Jaundice.
The presence of an excess of bile pigment in urine helps to diagnose increased production of bilirubin.
The presence of bile pigment in urine is detected using a chemical test known as Gmelin’s test, which involves the addition of urine in concentrated nitric acid (oxidizing agent) and formation of various color rings between the two liquids indicates the presence of bile pigments that are oxidized by nitric acid to form the various chemical products in the form of rings.
Other bile pigment tests include the Fouchest test and Foam test.

Note: Jaundice is a disease of yellow pigmentation of the skin and eyes due to excessive bilirubin levels in the blood. Diabetes insipidus is a disease of kidney dysfunction leading to an imbalance of fluids in the body. Anemia is a medical condition caused due to inadequate supply of oxygen to the body due to a lack of healthy RBCs in the blood.