Question

Epilepsy, muscular dystrophy, cardiac oedema and mental confusion are caused by deficiency of which of the following vitamins?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin E
C. Vitamin ${{B}_{1}}$
D. Vitamin ${{B}_{12}}$

Answer 1

Hint: The functions of every vitamin (essential nutrients) varies. Vitamin A produces pigment in the retina. Vitamin ${{B}_{1}}$ produces thiamine. Vitamin E is essential for muscle coordination and vitamin ${{B}_{12}}$ is required for proper brain and nerve functioning.

Step by step answer:The Epilepsy disease is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin ${{B}_{12}}$.
Vitamin ${{B}_{12}}$ is a vitamin that is soluble in water. This vitamin dissolves in water and travels through the bloodstream of humans. The human body has the ability to store vitamin B-12 for a maximum period of four years. The unwanted or excess concentration of this vitamin is excreted through the blood. Vitamin B-12 is the biggest and most structurally complicated vitamin of all. It is only present in animals so a meat-rich diet can only act as a source of this vitamin. Commercially, it can also be produced by biological fermentation in industries. Vitamin ${{B}_{12}}$ is an essential element for the normal function of the brain and the nervous system in humans. It is also engaged in the production of red blood cells and helps to maintain DNA. The metabolism of every cell in the body depends on this very vitamin as it plays a vital role in the synthesis of fatty acids and energy production. It is also required for the absorption of folic acid.
In epilepsy, the functioning of the brain and the nervous system becomes abnormal. It is a disorder of the nervous system. In muscular dystrophy, the skeletal muscles weaken and break down. In cardiac oedema, the parts affected swell. This is due to excessive filtration of body fluid by the capillaries. As Vitamin ${{B}_{12}}$ is necessary for maintaining a normal mental state, the deficiency of the same will cause the diseases. Also, red cells cannot multiply properly without Vitamin ${{B}_{12}}$.
Hence, the correct option is option D

Note: The deficiency of vitamin A causes night blindness. The deficiency of vitamin E causes a weakened immune system and loss of sensation. The deficiency of vitamin ${{B}_{1}}$ causes beriberi.