Question

During a monohybrid cross involving a tall pea plant with dwarf pea plant, the offspring populations were tall and dwarf in equal ratio. Work out a cross to show how it is possible.

Answer 1

Hint:-Inheritance of traits in pea plants were studied by Mendel. He developed the laws of inheritance and is called the father of genetics. A monohybrid cross is a cross between two organisms who have differing variations at one genetic chromosome of interest. It is used to determine the dominance relationship between two alleles.

Complete Answer:-
Mendel was an Austrian monk who studied the inheritance of traits of pea plants and developed the laws of inheritance. He is called the father of genetics. He conducted two experiments to prove the laws of inheritance, a monohybrid cross experiment and a dihybrid cross experiment.
 Understanding monohybrid cross experiment.
Mendel crossed a tall plant with a dwarf plant and observed how the traits are transmitted to the progeny.
As per the result, when a pure breeding tall plant (TT) was crossed with a pure breeding dwarf plant (tt), all plants were tall in the first filial generation.
When first filial tall plants were allowed to self-pollinate, both the tall plants and short plants appeared in the second filial generation.
     Here, tt are female gametes and TT are male gametes.

Tt	Tt
Tt	Tt

This is the first generation.

     Here, Tt are male gametes and Tt are female gametes.

TT	Tt
Tt	tt

 This is the second generation.
Thus, as it is clear from the experiment that the dominant trait is tall.

Note:- Mendel picked pea plant for his experiment because it is easily viable. They can be easily grown and require less maintenance. They are self-pollinating and can also be cross-pollinated. It has contrasting characters. It is an annual plant.