Question

Draw a labelled diagram to show the process of separation of miscible liquids.

Answer 1

Hint: If we are given two miscible liquids, it cannot be separated using primitive physical techniques like filtration, sedimentation, etc. Hence for two miscible liquids separation can be done based on their boiling points.

Complete answer:
The process of distillation is used to separate two miscible liquids. This process involves subsequent boiling and condensation of the mixture to separate out the various components. The process of distillation mainly runs on the principle of the difference in boiling point.
When the mixture of two components is heated on the Bunsen burner, the component with less boiling point goes into the gaseous state first. Simple distillation involves condensing the vapor immediately after it has been converted into the gaseous state. In the given procedure for distillation, the vapors pass through a condenser, which has water continuously flowing through the walls of it, to make sure that the temperature of the condenser is maintained at minimum, for the instant condensation of vapors. The condensed vapor of one component is then collected in a conical flask or beaker. In this way the various components of miscible liquid mixture are separated.
The labelled diagram can be given as

Impure liquid refers to the fixture of the miscible liquids having both the components and the distilled liquid is the pure liquid having only one component. The Round Bottom Flask having the impure mixture has a cork to avoid the vapors escaping out. Thermometer can also be inserted from the cork into the RBF, to note the temperature range for the vaporization of respective components.

Note:
The process of simple distillation has one limitation : it cannot be used to separate mixtures in which the components have a boiling point with very little difference. The two components should at least have a difference of $20 - {25^ \circ }C$ in their boiling points. For cases with lesser differences in boiling points, fractional distillation is used.