Question

How does the ideal gas law confirm the laws of Boyle and Charles?

Answer 1

Hint: A gas which follows the laws of Boyle, Charles and Avogadro is called as Ideal gas, it shows all the properties like given in the laws. In Boyle’s law the gas is observed at constant temperature and its pressure is directly proportional to the volume similarly when we talk about Charles law the gas is observed at constant pressure and its volume is inversely proportional to the temperature.

Complete step-by-step answer:
We know that gaseous states have the least force of attraction between its particles and maximum distance. The gases which follow certain laws are known to be ideal gaseous, as the name suggests ideal they possess certain properties which normal gases don't possess hence these gases are called real gases.

There are three laws by which the general equation of ideal gas is formed which is stated as- $PV = \,nRT$ where pressure$P$ of ideal gas is taken at temperature $T$ , volume is represented as $V$. This equation comes from certain laws, Boyles law Charles laws Avogadro law and Gay Lussac law. Now the question arises what is Boyles, Charles and Avogadro law.

According to Boyle's law, pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its volume at constant temperature. It means we can write it in the mathematical form: $P\propto \,V$at constant T. Similarly Charles' law states that volume is directly proportional to temperature, at constant pressure. It can also write it as: $V\propto \,T$ at constant P.

If we take Avogadro law under consideration it also states that at conditions of same temperature and pressure, volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles (n): $V\,\propto \,n$

Let’s take expression of all the laws and combine them, it makes equation like this:-
$PV\,\propto \,nT$ When we remove the sign of proportionality, we get a constant R which is called a gas constant.
$PV\, = \,nRT$
Here, n is equal to the number of moles taken for reaction and R is gas constant having value, $R\, = \,8.314\,J{K^{ - 1}}\,mo{l^{ - 1}}$

Thus the Boyle's law and Charles law form the ideal gas law.

Note: There are many other laws which are made for ideal gaseous like Gay Lussac law, Dalton’s law etc. But these laws are not used for the construction of the ideal gas equation. According to the equation a kinetic theory of gases is also made, which satisfies the ideal gas but not the properties of real gases. Thus Vanderwaal constructed the real gas equation called Vanderwaal gas equation by making some changes in the ideal gas equation.