Question

How does $s{{p}^{2}}$hybridized carbon differ from $s{{p}^{3}}$?

Answer 1

Hint:Hybridization is the process of intermixing of the orbitals of slightly different energies so as to redistribute their energies, resulting in the formation of new set of orbitals of equivalent energies and shape. $s{{p}^{2}}and\,s{{p}^{3}}$hybridization are types of hybridization.

Complete step-by-step answer:$s{{p}^{2}}$hybridization is a form of orbital hybridization in which $1$ s orbital overlaps with 2 p orbitals to form three new hybrid orbitals.
$s{{p}^{3}}$hybridization is a form of orbital hybridization in which 1 s orbital overlaps with 3 p orbitals to form four new hybrid orbitals.
If carbon in a carbon compound undergo $s{{p}^{2}}$hybridization then it is referred to as $s{{p}^{2}}$hybridized carbon atom and if the same carbon undergoes $s{{p}^{3}}$hybridization, then the carbon is called $s{{p}^{3}}$hybridized carbon atom.
The differences between both the hybridized carbon atoms are mentioned below in tabular form.

FEATURE	$s{{p}^{2}}$hybridized carbon	$s{{p}^{3}}$hybridized carbon
Definition	A form of orbital hybridization in which one s-orbital of carbon overlaps with two p orbitals to form three new hybrid orbitals.	A form of orbital hybridization in which one s-orbital of carbon overlaps with three p orbitals to form four new hybrid orbitals.
s- characteristic	In such carbon the s character is $33%$	In such carbon the s character is $25%$
p- characteristic	In such hybridized carbon the p character is $66%$	In such hybridized carbon the p character is $75%$
Geometry	It has trigonal planar geometry	It has Tertrahedral geometry
Bond angle	$120\circ $	${{109.5}^{\circ }}$
Unhybridized p orbital	One un-hybridized p orbital is present in such carbon	No un-hybridized p orbital is present in such carbon
Examples	Carbon in ethene is $s{{p}^{2}}$hybridized as shown below	Carbon in ethane is $s{{p}^{3}}$hybridized as shown below.

Note:It should be noted that for explaining the characteristic shapes of the polyatomic molecule, Pauling- a great chemist, scientist introduced the concept of hybridization of the atomic orbitals. Always, draw structures while mentioning the types of hybridization for better reference.