Question

How does exercise affect physiology?

Answer 1

Hint: The physiological response to exercise depends on the intensity, duration and frequency of exercise, as well as the environmental conditions.

Complete answer:
It acts as an initiator of muscle growth or strengthening. Exercise puts stress on the muscle systems of the body. This stress results in physiological changes in cell function, from respiration to energy to new cell formation. Everything from blood circulation to heart rate to lung capacity, metabolism and muscle growth is affected by exercise in one way or another.

During physical activity, the skeletal muscle's oxygen and substrate requirements rise, as does the removal of metabolites and carbon dioxide. Chemical, mechanical and thermal stimuli affect changes in metabolic, cardiovascular and ventilation functions to meet these increased demands.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the main high-energy phosphate molecule that enables muscle contraction. Energy supplies to the muscle are initially provided from ATP and phosphocreatine immediate energy sources before other aspects of metabolism are activated.

i) In the rest, our nervous system maintains a parasympathetic tone that affects the respiratory rate, cardiac output, and various metabolic processes.
ii) Exercise activates the sympathetic nervous system, causing the body to respond in a coordinated manner.
iii) This response is designed to maintain an appropriate level of homeostasis for increased demand in the physical, metabolic, respiratory and cardiovascular efforts.
iv) Exercise challenges many human physiological systems that need to be adapted to maintain homeostasis, this is the inner balance of the body.
v) During exercise, homeostasis is threatened by increased demand for oxygen and nutrients, the need to eliminate carbon dioxide and metabolic waste products, rising body temperatures and acid imbalances and varying hormone levels.

Note: Exercising has been shown to have a variety of health advantages.
- Cognition: Studies have shown that exercise subjects have higher concentration scores than non-exercise subjects.
- Flexibility and mobility:
- Cardiovascular healths
- Improved glycemic control and insulin sensitivity
- Elevation of the mood
- Lower cancer risks
- Increased mineral density of bone