Question

What does a protein lose when it denatures?
A. Its primary structure
B. Its sequence of amino acids
C. Its three dimensional shape
D. Its peptide bonds

Answer 1

Hint: Protein are biomolecules and are also known as macromolecules. They are made up of long chains of amino acid residues. The difference between the sequences of amino acid produces different types of proteins. The proteins are highly important and are needed for a variety of different functions in the living organism.

Complete answer:
Proteins can be described as the polypeptides or the polymers of amino acids. After the formation of the protein, it often folds upon itself to give rise to different structures such as tertiary protein, quaternary proteins and secondary protein. The folding of the protein occurs by the formation of hydrogen bonds which are weak bonds. These bonds are easily affected through changes in the different factors such as temperature, pressure and salinity. Any extreme changes in these factors break the interactions of the protein structure and cause disruption of the protein structure or the three-dimensional structure.
Denaturation is the change in the structure of the proteins when any external stress or chemical are applied. The denaturation of the protein causes the weak hydrogen bonds which are involved in protein interactions to produce three dimensional structures. When a protein is denatured, the different structures such as secondary and tertiary protein are broken. However, the primary structure of the protein is not affected as it consists of peptide bonds which are strong in nature. The denaturation of protein changes the structural configurations of the protein especially in its three-dimensional shape.
As the denaturation does not affect the peptide bonds, the primary structure of the proteins is not affected.
The sequence of amino acids determines the type of protein and is not affected by the denaturation. The amino acids are joined by peptide bonds which are not at all affected by the denaturation, so, amino acid sequences are also not affected by denaturation.

Therefore, the correct option is option C.

Note: Proteins are one of the most important biomolecules and are involved in several different types of functions. The structure of protein is formed by amino acid sequences that are joined by peptide bonds. The protein molecules fold to give rise to different structures due to protein interaction. These interactions are altered due to denaturation which affects the three-dimensional structure and shapes of the protein.