Question

Do prokaryotes have a cell envelope?

Answer 1

Hint: The cell membrane, cell wall, and, if present, an outer membrane makes up the cell envelope. This envelope is usually seen in prokaryotes, such as bacteria. It is made up of a bacterium's inner cell wall and cell wall.
The cell envelope protects the cell's structural integrity. It protects prokaryotes against internal turgor pressure, which is induced by a high concentration of macromolecules within the cell.

Complete answer:
Yes, bacteria and other prokaryotes have a cell envelope. The cell wall and the inner cell membrane make up this structure in bacteria.
Two types of cell envelope-
1. Gram positive cell envelope- A cell wall with a thick peptidoglycan layer makes up the cell envelope of gram-positive bacteria. This aids in the retention of the crystal violet dyes during the gram-staining process. Teichoic and lipoteichoic acids are incorporated in the cell wall.
2. Gram negative cell envelope- The cell wall of gram-negative cells has a thin peptidoglycan layer, which prevents the cell wall from retaining crystal violet stain after decolorization during gramme staining. Lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids make up the outer membrane.
Mycobacteria have a distinct cell envelope than gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It has a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, arabinogalactan, and mycolic acid, but no outer cell membrane.

Note:
Functions of cell envelope-
The bacterial cell wall not only keeps the cell in shape and prevents it from bursting or collapsing, but it also generates filamentous extensions termed flagella in motile bacteria.
The transport of chemicals into and out of the cell is also regulated by the cell membrane.
A mesosome is a unique structure created by the expansion of the plasma membrane into the cell wall. Vesicles, tubules, and lamellae are common examples of these expansions. They assist the cell in a variety of processes such as cell wall construction, DNA replication, and daughter cell distribution, respiration, secretions, and so on.