Question

DNA vaccines are:         
A. mixture of hormones
B. recombinant vaccines
C. synthetic vaccines
D. pure DNA or RNA

Answer 1

Hint: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary substance found inside the cells of every living organism. Since the 1990s, experts were exploring how they could use DNA to produce vaccines. These are known as DNA vaccines.
Complete Step-by-step answer:
Traditional vaccines are made using whole bacteria, viruses, or parts of them such as sugars or proteins. Both DNA and RNA vaccines instead use genetic material from bacteria or viruses. DNA vaccines are used as injections of pure RNA or DNA into skeleton muscles that led to the expression of DNA in the muscle cell.
Hormones are compounds that are also called signalling molecules. They are generated by the glands in multi-cellular organisms. Hormones are transported through the circulatory system to target distant organs for regulating the physiology and behaviour of living organisms. A hormone is a chemical messenger which is directly discharged into the bloodstream. Blood carries these hormones to different tissues and organs to exert their function.
Recombinant vaccines are DNA recombinants or proteins that are generated by expression in yeast or bacterial systems. These DNA recombinants or proteins are introduced into the host cells in which they are identified as foreign material, and consequently, an immune response is triggered.
A synthetic vaccine is a vaccine that is composed mainly of synthetic peptides, antigens, or carbohydrates. They are generally considered to be safer than vaccines from bacterial cultures. Creating vaccines synthetically can improve the speed of production.
Therefore the correct answer is Option D.
Note: DNA vaccines, which are often called third-generation vaccines, use engineered DNA to stimulate an immunologic response in the host against bacteria, viruses, parasites, and potentially cancer.