Question

Distinguish between heat and temperature.

Answer 1

Hint: Heat is a form of energy. That can be stored inside a body. Temperature is a measurement to quantify the coldness or hotness of a body.

Complete step-by-step answer:
James Prescott Joule proved that a measurable amount of mechanical energy could always be transformed into definite amounts of heat. He stated that heat is a form of energy. Heat is a thermal energy transferred from a warmer body to a colder body. As a part of this, one system releases the heat and the other one absorbs it. This transfer of thermal energy will stop when the equilibrium is achieved. If an object is hot, then it has a lot of heat energy. While a cold object has less heat energy.
Whereas, temperature is the amount of heat in a body. Thermometer can be used to find the temperature of the body. By using a thermometer, we can determine the coldness or hotness of a body.

Additional information:
There are several scales to measure temperature.
i. Celsius scale; It is a most commonly used scale. In this scale, the freezing point of water is treated as \[\text{0 }\!\!{}^\circ\!\!\text{ C}\] and boiling point as \[\text{100 }\!\!{}^\circ\!\!\text{ C}\].
ii. Fahrenheit scale; Used extensively in non-Asian countries. In this scale the freezing point of water is \[\text{32 }\!\!{}^\circ\!\!\text{ F}\] and the boiling point is \[\text{212 }\!\!{}^\circ\!\!\text{ F}\].
iii. Kelvin scale; This is used in the SI system. In this scale the freezing point of water is 273 K, and the boiling point is 373 K.

Heat can transfer in three ways
i. Conduction; This process mainly occurs in solids. Heat gets transferred by the direct contact.
ii. Convection; This process occurs in liquids and gases. Heat gets transferred by the movement of currents.
iii. Radiation; It is the transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves. Direct contact is not necessary for this transfer. This is the way in which heat transfer occurs in the universe.

Note: These two words are commonly used in our daily life without understanding the purpose. Heat is a form of energy. Therefore, the SI unit of heat is joules. While temperature is measurement of hotness or coldness and its unit is K in the SI system. Heat can be measured by using the calorimetry method. Temperature is measured using the thermometer. Heat can do work. But temperature can’t do any work, since it is a measure of degree of heat. The temperature depends only on the average kinetic energy of the molecules. While the amount of heat depends upon the mass, temperature and material properties.