Question

Distinguish between anaphase of mitosis and anaphase I of meiosis.

Answer 1

Hint: Anaphase of mitosis is determined by the movement of sister chromatids along the astral fibres towards the opposite poles. But sister chromatids during anaphase I of mitosis do not separate, they remain attached to each other. During the process of mitosis the diploid number of chromosomes is restored in the daughter cells, so the daughter cells are totally identical to their parent cells. But in meiosis, what happens is the daughter cells contain a haploid number of chromosomes and are different from the parent cells.

Complete answer:
During the process of mitosis the diploid number of chromosomes is restored in the daughter cells, so the daughter cells are totally identical to their parent cells. But in meiosis, what happens is the daughter cells contain a haploid number of chromosomes and are different from the parent cells. Gametogenesis happens in the germinal cells of a person, in which meiosis is the mechanism and the daughter cells contain half the number of chromosomes as compared to parent cells.
During mitosis, since the daughter cell should contain the same amount of chromosome as the parent cell, therefore the nucleus needs to divide and the sister chromatids needs to move apart. Therefore they double the genetic material because getting assorted into the cells.
But in meiosis, the daughter cells contain a haploid number of chromosomes, so there is no requirement to separate the sister chromatids. The sister chromatids will get assorted on their own, and will reflect in the daughter cells after cytokinesis.
Below given are few examples and applications of mitosis and meiosis in the living world: The process of formation of sperms by spermatogenesis requires meiosis so that the sperms contain haploid number of chromosomes. Oogenesis is the formation of ova from the ovary, it too requires meiosis so that the ova contains a haploid number of chromosomes.

Note:
Mitosis is required for the growth, repair and replacement of cells. Here the daughter cells are identical to their parents. Like after 120 days the RBCs of the body are replaced by new RBCs. Mitosis gives rise to cells which are identical to parent cells, therefore it is under very much application in the body.