Question

Distinguish Anaphase of Mitosis from Anaphase of Meiosis I.

Answer 1

Hint: In the Anaphase phase of Mitosis, the equal separation or disjunction of the sister chromatids occurs.
In the Anaphase phase of Meiosis I, the separation of homologous chromosomes occur. Meanwhile, the sister chromatids remain attached to each other.

Complete answer:
Mitosis or equational division is the process of the cell cycle, where one single cell divides equally into two genetically identical daughter cells. The number of chromosomes remains the same in the cells. It completes in four phases.
Meiosis a reductional division is the process of the cell cycle, where one single cell divides twice to form four daughter cells. The number of chromosomes gets halved in the daughter cells. It completes in eight phases.
Anaphase of Mitosis and Anaphase of Meiosis I are both the third phase of each cycle. The major differences between them are-

ANAPHASE OF MITOSIS	ANAPHASE OF MEIOSIS I
It is the phase of Mitosis that lies between the Metaphase and Telophase.	It is the phase of Meiosis I that lies between the Metaphase I and Telophase I.
The separation of duplicated or replicated chromosomes occurs here.	The separation of the homologous chromosome occurs here.
The replicated chromosomes that are joined to each other at their centromeres lies at the metaphase plate before the beginning of this phase.	After undergoing pairing, crossing over, and recombination, the homologous chromosomes get lined up at the metaphase plate before the beginning of this phase.
The replicated chromosomes are separated into two identical but independent chromosomes at this stage. The disjunction of sister chromatids also occurs.	The homologous chromosomes are pulled apart and get separated into two different groups. They further move apart towards the opposite poles. Although, the sister chromatids remain intact here.
The chromosomes are pulled apart by the spindle fibers which results in the splitting of the centromere. The spindle fibers connect the centromere of the chromosome to the centriole present at each pole.	The homologous chromosomes are pulled apart by the contraction of spindle fibers keeping the centromere and sister chromatids intact. The microtubule or spindle fibers connect the kinetochore on the chromosomes to the centriole present at each pole.

Note: Before both the phases- Anaphase and Anaphase I, a spindle fiber checkpoint is present. The cells have to go through this checkpoint before beginning with the Anaphase stage. This checkpoint makes sure that the spindle fibers properly connect the kinetochores of each chromosome to the centriole/ spindle network present at each pole.