Question

Differentiate between the following with and give examples of each:
Innate and acquired immunity.

Answer 1

Hint: The body's protection against pathogens is the immune system. Without an immune system, bacteria, viruses, fungi, and more will be prone to destroying our bodies. As we drift through a sea of pathogens, it is our immune system that keeps us safe.

 Complete step by step answer: Immunity can be defined as a dynamic biological mechanism capable of recognising and tolerating something that belongs to the self and recognising and rejecting what is alien (non-self).
There are two elements of the immune system: innate and acquired immunity. In all metazoans, innate immunity is present, while acquired immunity only exists in invertebrates.
Now let us differentiate between innate and acquired immunity to understand the immune system more properly.

Innate immunity	Acquired immunity
Innate immunity is something in the body which is already present.	In response to exposure to a foreign substance, acquired immunity is created.
When triggered against a single form of antigen, the immunity lasts for a lifetime.	Lifelong or short may be the duration of established immunity.
Normally inherited by parents and passed on to their offspring.	There is no transmission of acquired immunity from parents to offspring, so it cannot be inherited.
Fights any foreign invader.	Fight only specific infections.
Upon prolonged exposure to the same pathogen, it can not respond with similar potency.	The same pathogens that have existed previously can be recognised by the acquired system.
Physical and chemical inhibitors, phagocytic leukocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and plasma proteins make up the innate immune response.	B cells and T cells form the acquired immune system.
Evolutionary, older, and present in vertebrates as well as in invertebrates.	Recently, an innate immune mechanism has been established that is only present in vertebrates.
Example:White blood cells fight infection while we have a wound.	Example:Chickenpox vaccine, triggering redness and swelling, such that we don't get chickenpox because the foreign body has remembered the innate immune mechanism.

Note: Memory B-cells and T-cells evolve as B cells and T-cells which are activated by a pathogen, and the primary immune response results. Throughout the life of an animal, any individual pathogen encountered can be remembered by these memory cells and will mount a powerful secondary response if the pathogen is identified again.
As the body's immune system braces itself for potential threats, this form of immunity is both successful and adaptive. Both the cell-mediated and humoral elements of immunity as well as feedback from the innate immune system are also involved in successful immunity.