Question

Differentiate between temporary hard water and permanent hard water.

Answer 1

Hint: The presence of bicarbonates, sulfates, and chlorides of calcium and magnesium in the water makes it hard water. So, based on the presence of bicarbonates, sulfates, and chlorides of calcium and magnesium the permanent water is used for differentiating the hard water into temporary and permanent hard water.

Complete step by step answer:
Natural water contains dissolved salts. So, depending on the behaviors to the action with the soap, water is of 2 types: soft water and hard water.
Soft water produces lather with soap. Soft water doesn't have any ions of calcium and magnesium. Rainwater, distilled water, etc are some examples of soft water.
The water that does not produce lather with the soap is hard water, this due to the presence of bicarbonates, sulfates, and chlorides ions of calcium and magnesium. Seawater, river water, well water, etc are some examples of hard water.
Based on the presence of bicarbonates, sulfates, and chlorides of calcium and magnesium the permanent water is divided into temporary and permanent hard water.

Temporary hard water	Permanent hard water
Presence of bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium, i.e. $Ca{{(HC{{O}_{3}})}_{2}}$and$Mg{{(HC{{O}_{3}})}_{2}}$ makes the water, temporary hard water.	Presence of chlorides and sulfates of calcium and magnesium, i.e. $CaC{{l}_{2}},\text{ }CaS{{O}_{4}},\text{ }MgC{{l}_{2}},\text{ }and\text{ }MgS{{O}_{4}}$ makes the water, permanent hard water.
It is called temporary hardness as it can be easily removed by simple boiling and filtering the water.	It is called permanent hardness as it cannot be easily removed by simple boiling and filtering the water.
It can be also called carbonate hardness.	It can be also called non-carbonate hardness.

Note: The hard water is not suitable for washing purposes with soap because with soap the hard water forms a white precipitate called scum. Hard water is only suitable for detergents because the solubility of detergent in hard water is higher than soap.