Question

Differentiate between passive transport and active transport.

Answer 1

Hint: The movement of molecules across the cell membrane and transporting the molecules against the concentration gradient using ATP is called active transport. However, passive transport is the movement of molecules within and across the cell membrane and transporting it through the concentration gradient, without using ATP.

Complete answer:

S. No.	Active transport	Passive transport
1.	The movement of molecules is from low concentration to high concentration, which means they move against the concentration gradient.	It involves the movement of molecules along the concentration gradient i.e. from high concentration to low concentration.
2.	It requires carrier proteins.	It does not require carrier proteins.
3.	By using ATP, it pumps the molecules upwards.	In passive transport, the molecules are moved downwards.
4.	It is a rapid process.	It is a slow process.
5.	Active transport is a vital process.	Passive transport is a physical process.
6.	It is affected by temperature.	It is not affected by temperature.
7.	This process reduces or stops when the level of oxygen content is reduced.	This process is not affected by oxygen content.
8.	Metabolic inhibitors stop the active transport.	Metabolic inhibitors do not influence passive transport.
9.	Macromolecules like proteins, carbohydrate, lipids, large cell are transported in this way	Oxygen, monosaccharides, water, carbon dioxide, lipids are transported in this way.
10.	Active transport is classified into two categories; they are primary active transport and secondary active transport.	Passive transport is classified into four categories; they are osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and filtration.

Note:Sodium pump, glucose selection in the intestines, and the uptake of mineral ions by plant roots are examples of active transport. Examples of passive transport occur in the kidneys and the liver, and in the alveoli of the lungs when they exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.