Question

Differentiate between-
(a) Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell
(b) Plant cell and animal cell

Answer 1

Hint: They are a kind of cell that does not possess a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They are very abundant and make up much of Earth’s biomass. Whereas, another cell contains film bound organelles, for example, a core, mitochondria, and an endoplasmic reticulum.

Complete step by step answer:

Prokaryotic cell	Eukaryotic cell
The size of the prokaryotic cell is around 1-2µm by 1-4µm.	Greater than 5 µm in diameter.
Mostly unicellular(some cyanobacteria may be multicellular).	Mostly multicellular.
The true nucleus is absent. The nucleus lacks a nuclear membrane and nucleolus. Such a nucleus is called a nucleoid.	The nuclear membrane and nucleolus are present.
DNA arrangement is usually single circular without histones.	DNA arrangements are linear with histones.
Ribosomes are of smaller size 70S, distributed in the cytoplasm.	Ribosomes are larger size 80s, found on membranes as in endoplasmic reticulum; 70s present in organelles like chloroplast and mitochondria.
Reproduction are asexual.	Reproduction are both asexual and sexual.
Examples are bacteria and archaea.	Examples are plant and animal cells.

Plant cell	Animal cell
Cell shapes are square or rectangular in shape.	Cell shape are irregular or round in shape
Cell wall is present	Cell wall is absent.
Nucleus are present and lie on one side of the cell is called a nucleoid.	Nucleus are present and lie in the centre of the cell.
Vacuoles are large, single and centrally present.	Vacuoles are usually small and numerous.
Centrosomes are absent.	Centrosomes are present.
Mode of nutrition is primarily autotrophic.	Mode of nutrition is heterotrophic.

Additional information:
While numerous prokaryotic cells have adjusted to free-living inside the climate, others have adjusted to quantify inside the gut of different life forms. These commensal organisms survive by breaking down molecules inside the gut and permit the organism they're living within the power to digest a wider sort of food. For example, the human gut contains 2-3 pounds of bacteria that have evolved to assist us digest complex carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
In eukaryotic cells, the cell cycle is the life cycle of a cell. During this cycle, it grows and divides. Checkpoints exist between all stages in order that proteins can determine whether the cell is prepared to start the subsequent phase of the cycle.

Note:
-All the reactions in prokaryotes occur within the cytosol of the cell.
-The cell was primarily studied in the year 1665 by Robert Hooke.
-The range of the animal cell is around 10 to 30 micrometres, whereas plant cells range around 10 to 100 micrometres.