Question

What is the difference between endosome and lysosome?

Answer 1

Hint: The term endosome refers to a vesicle created by the invagination and pinching off of the cell membrane, whereas the term lysosome refers to an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that contains degradative enzymes encased in a membrane. As a result, this is the primary distinction between an endosome and a lysosome.

Complete answer:
 Within the cell, endosomes and lysosomes are two types of membrane-bound vesicles. Endosomes, on the other hand, are vacuoles that envelop material during the endocytosis process. Lysosomes, on the other hand, are hydrolytic enzyme-containing vacuoles.

The endoplasmic reticulum forms the Golgi apparatus from proteins found in lysosomes, whereas the membrane forms the Golgi apparatus. Endosomes, on the other hand, develop at the plasma membrane's transmembrane and the Golgi apparatus.


The difference between endosome and lysosome are following-

ENDOSOME	LYSOSOME
A vesicle formed by the invagination and pinching off of the cell membrane	An organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane
Mainly formed during endocytosis	Formed from Golgi apparatus
Contain internalized materials including nutrients and pathogens like bacteria	Contain hydrolytic enzymes
Store internalized materials till their digestion	Fuse with endosomes. aiding the digestion of materials inside the endosome

The main difference between endosome and lysosome is that the endosome is a vacuole that surrounds materials internalized during endocytosis, whereas the lysosome is a vacuole that contains hydrolytic enzymes. Furthermore, endosome forms at the transmembrane of the Golgi apparatus and at the plasma membrane. But, the proteins of the lysosomes form at the endoplasmic reticulum and the membrane forms from the Golgi apparatus.

Endosome and lysosome are two types of membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell. Both are important in endocytosis and phagocytosis.

The membrane-bound vesicle that arises as a result of endocytosis is known as an endosome. Endocytosis is the process of bringing materials into the cell by the invagination of the plasma membrane, resulting in the formation of a vesicle. As a result, an endosome's primary job is to act as a temporary vesicle for transit. The three methods of endocytosis include pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Pinocytosis causes the formation of pinosomes, which are endosomes that contain liquids containing suspended substances. Phagocytosis, on the other hand, results in the formation of phagosomes, which contain pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. Endocytosis mediated by receptors, on the other hand, results in clathrin-coated endosomes. This is how proteins and lipids get into the cell.

Early endosomes, recycling endosomes, and late endosomes are the three primary types of endosomes. Either narrow tubular columns or huge vesicles with membrane invaginations can be found in early endosomes. The ligands and receptors are divided into separate compartments in the recycling endosomes, with receptors being recycled back into the plasma membrane. Late endosomes eventually combine with lysosomes.

The lysosome is a cytoplasmic membrane-enclosed vacuole that contains hydrolytic enzymes. A lysosome's primary role is to aid in the digestion of biomolecules such as nucleic acids, peptides, carbohydrates, and lipids. The endoplasmic reticulum provides the lysosome with hydrolytic enzymes. They are packaged in secretory vesicles and transported to the cis phase of the Golgi apparatus. Finally, as lysosomes, these enzymes exit the trans phase of the Golgi apparatus.

Furthermore, the cytoplasm has a pH of about 7.2. A lysosome, on the other hand, has a pH of 4.5-5.0. That is, the lysosome's interior environment is acidic. It's because the lysosome's hydrolytic enzymes require an acidic pH to function properly.

Note: Endosomes are basically sorting organelles within cells. They control protein and lipid trafficking in the plasma membrane Golgi, the trans-Golgi network (TGN), and vacuoles/lysosomes, among other subcellular compartments of the secretory and endocytic pathways.