Question

How did the wasteland rules change the life of pastoralists?

Answer 1

Hint:
Pastoralism is the branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock. It is animal husbandry: the care, tending and use of animals such as camels, cattle, yaks and sheep. Pastoralism usually has a mobile aspect, moving the herds in search of fresh pasture and water.


Complete step by step solution:
In colonial power, all uncultivated lands appeared to be unproductive. It had produced neither revenue nor agricultural produce. So, it was seen as ‘wasteland’, that required to be brought under cultivation. From the mid- $19$ th century, wasteland rules were made law in various parts of India.

By these rules, uncultivated lands were taken over and given to individuals. These individuals were allowed various concessions and encouraged to settle on these lands. Some of them were made headmen of villages in cleared regions. So, wasteland transformed into cultivated lands. The colonial government was forced to pay taxes on these lands and earned revenue from these lands.

- Grazing sounds obtainable for their herds: shrank.
- Their animal stocks refused due to a shortage of forage for animals.
- Many because of the loss of livestock, penury, restrictions on mobility changed their way of life.


Note:
pastoralism was used the first time in the Ancient Middle East. The presence of pastoralists in Palestine as early as $8000$ BCE. Nomadism and transhumance are the two types of pastoral societies. Transhumance is the form or nomadism organized around the migration of livestock between mountain pastures in war, season and lower altitudes the rest of the year.