Question

How did Italy emerge as a unified nation-state?

Answer 1

Hint: Giuseppe Garibaldi was an Italian patriot as well as a soldier of the Risorgimento. He led various military campaigns that brought about the establishment of a unified Italy. He has been named the "Hero of the Two Worlds" in tribute to his military expeditions in Europe and South America.

Complete answer:
Italy was split into smaller kingdoms, Sardinia, Lombardy, Venetia, and Sicily. Sardinia was the most powerful one. Cavour annexed the kingdoms of Parma, Lombardy, Modena, Tuscany, and some parts of the Papal States in $1859$. Giuseppe Garibaldi was able to annex the rest of the territories of Naples. Venetia, under Austria, was ceded to Italy by Austria in $1866$. The architect of the Italian unification was Count Camillo Benson di Cavour who was the Chief Minister of Victor Emmanuel. Rome endured for a decade under the Papacy and then became a part of the Kingdom of Italy in $1870$, which was the final date of Italian unification. Rome declined to become part of the Italian state. In $1870$, Prussia invaded France, and the Pope stopped receiving support from the French king.
Rome was entered into forcibly and conquered by the Italians.
Ultimately, the state of Italy emerged as an independent nation-state in $1871$ with Victor Emmanuel as the king.
Hence we conclude the required answer.

Note: The Franco-Austrian War of $1859$ had been the agent that began the physical process of Italian unification. The northern Italian states upheld elections in $1859$ and $1860$, it was voted to follow the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, which was a significant step towards unification.