Question

How did Goa get independence from the Portuguese?

Answer 1

Hint: -The Goa Liberation Movement, which aimed to put an end to Goa's Portuguese colonial rule, started with small-scale revolts but peaked between 1940 and 1960.
-The movement took place both inside and outside Goa, and a wide array of tactics were featured, including nonviolent demonstrations, revolutionary methods, and diplomatic efforts.

Complete answer: - In the 16th century, the Portuguese colonised many parts of India, but Portuguese colonies in India were confined to Goa, Daman, Diu, Dadra, Nagar Haveli and Anjediva Island by the end of the $19^{th}$ century.
-While on August 15, 1947, India gained independence, But Goa was still mouldering under 450 years of Portuguese rule.
-Although the liberation movement itself started at the beginning of the 20th century, it picked up steam in the 1940s, drawing influence from the movement for Indian independence.
-In 1955, for the independence of Goa, the communist and socialist parties initiated a satyagraha, which was brutally suppressed by Portuguese.
-Military action was considered to be the only choice by the then Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, when the policy of patience, following a series of failed talks and diplomatic attempts with the Portuguese.
-The Portuguese were refusing even after Indian independence to give up their grip over Indian Territories which were collectively known as Estado da Índia Portuguesa or State of Portuguese India, of which Goa was the largest territory.
-The military campaign code-named 'Operation Vijay' began on December 17, 1961, and the Indian operation conquered the ill-prepared Portuguese 3,000-member army with a force of almost 30,000 soldiers belonging to the Indian Navy, Air Force and Army.
-After 36 hours, Portuguese Governor General Vassalo da Silva gave up control over Indian Territories.
-The operation was successful with minimal bloodshed and was carried out on 19 Dec 1961 to restore the Portuguese-controlled areas of Goa, Daman and Diu.
After that, Goa, Daman and Diu were given the status of Union Territory of India.
Goa achieved its statehood in 1987 under the $56^{th}$ constitution amendment act,1987.

Note: Every year Goa Liberation Day is celebrated on $19^{th}$ December in India.
-The first Europeans to colonise parts of Indian Territory were the Portuguese and they were the last to depart. In the year 1510, the Portuguese invaded Goa.
-Goa prospered during the 15-$17^{th}$ century, becoming, for a time, the largest city in Asia with a population of over 40,000. It had more than 300 churches.