Question

Diadelphous (9 +1) stamens occur in
A. Gramineae
B. Cucurbitaceae
C. Papilionatae
D. Malvaceae

Answer 1

Hint: The flower is the part of a plant that encloses the reproductive organs needed for the formation of seeds and fruits. A flower has four main parts or whorls which are known as the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. The calyx and the corolla represent the vegetative parts of the flower while the androecium and gynoecium are the parts associated with reproduction.

Complete answer:
A flower is a reproductive structure that is mainly found in the flowering plant. In a flower, petals and sepals are found which belong to the vegetative part of the flower. Petals are the bright-coloured part that helps to attract other insects to ensure pollination and sepal is the green-coloured part present beneath the petals. The sepals are collectively called the calyx which helps to protect the rising bud. The second whorl is composed of petals which are collectively called the corolla.
The third whorl of the flower contains the male reproductive structures that are known as the androecium. It contains stamens with anthers that contain the microsporangia. The innermost group of structures in the flower is the gynoecium. The gynoecium which is the female reproductive part of the flower, possesses a stigma, style, and ovary. It is also known as carpels.
Stamens, which is the male reproductive part of the flower is composed of a filament which is a thread-like structure with a circular structure anther on the top. Pollen is produced by the anther. Based on the fusion of stamens it could be generally in two forms they are filament fusion and syngenesious. In filament fusion, filaments are united but anthers are free and this type of fusion is classified into three types which are monadelphous, diadelphous and polyadelphous.
In the monadelphous condition, the filaments of stamens are united into a tube and this type of fusion can be observed in the family of Malvaceae. Next is diadelphous in which ten stamens are found. In this case, filaments of stamens are united into two groups, among them nine stamens fused and the rest one stamen fused at the base. This type of fusion occurs in Papilionatae or the leguminous family such as in edible peas, beans and legumes. And the last type is polyadelphous, where filaments are united in more than two groups and this type of fusion can be seen in Citrus.

Therefore, the correct option is option C.

Note: A flower consists of mainly four parts, they are petals, sepals, male reproductive parts, and female reproductive parts. The male reproductive part is known as stamen which consists of anthers and filaments. Based on the fusion of filaments it can be three types; monadelphous, diadelphous, and polyadelphous. Diadelphous conditions are found in the leguminous plants belonging to the family Papilionatae.